هزم
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Bentuk yang tercatat : هَزَمُوهُم 1 · مَهْزُومٌۭ 1 · سَيُهْزَمُ 1
Core meaning
To rout: to break a troop and put it to flight.
Uses
فَهَزَمُوهُم → "rout" : one troop's victory over another, obtained with God's permission.
- «فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ» — "they routed them then, with God's permission" (2:251)
مَهْزُومٌ → "doomed to defeat" : the passive participle: an army whose defeat is already stated.
- «جُندٌۭ مَّا هُنَالِكَ مَهْزُومٌۭ مِّنَ ٱلْأَحْزَابِ» — "It is but an army among the parties, doomed to defeat" (38:11)
سَيُهْزَمُ → "will be defeated" : the announcement of a rout, followed by flight.
- «سَيُهْزَمُ ٱلْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ ٱلدُّبُرَ» — "The force will be defeated, and they will turn their backs" (54:45)
Evidence from the text
The three uses concern a troop: the armies of Jalut (2:251), an army "among the parties" (38:11), "the force" (54:45). Defeat is a visible movement there: in 54:45, "they will turn their backs". In 2:251, the rout follows the request for patience and firm steps, and comes "with God's permission".
Distinctions
- غلب — to overcome: to prevail over the other; هزم says the broken troop that flees