سرف
Questo testo non è ancora disponibile nella tua lingua; è mostrato in inglese.
Forme attestate : ٱلْمُسْرِفِينَ 7 · تُسْرِفُوٓا۟ 2 · مُّسْرِفُونَ 2 · لِلْمُسْرِفِينَ 2 · مُسْرِفٌۭ 2 · إِسْرَافَنَا 1 · إِسْرَافًۭا 1 · لَمُسْرِفُونَ 1
Core meaning
To go beyond the measure: in spending, where it is waste, as in conduct, where it is excess.
Uses
أَسْرَفَ, إِسْرَاف → "excess", "to be excessive" : the overstepping itself, in an act or in conduct.
لَا تُسْرِفُوا۟ → "do not waste" : in food and spending: to use beyond need.
مُسْرِف → "excessive" : one who has made excess his way of being.
Evidence from the text
The word always supposes a measure that one crosses. 25:67 names it: those who spend without waste or stinting stand "between the two with just measure". 17:33 sets it even in taking life: the authority granted to the legal guardian has its limit. In 4:6, the goods of orphans are not to be devoured "wastefully and hastily".
From spending, the word passes to the whole of conduct. Lut's people are "a people of the excessive" (7:81); Fir'awn "was surely among the excessive ones" (10:83); the excessive one is named with the great liar (40:28) and with the one full of doubt (40:34). The verb and the noun say the same thing: "whoever has been excessive" (20:127), "our excesses" (3:147). Yet excess is not without return: "O My obedient ones who have been excessive against yourselves, do not lose heart regarding the benevolence of God" (39:53).
Distinctions
- طغو — immoderation: rising above every limit, whereas سرف is the overstepping of a measure in an act
See also
قتر (to withhold)