ى
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Засвидетельствованные формы : لِى 42 · بِى 10 · لِّى 9 · لِىَ 7 · لِىٓ 5 · لِّىٓ 3 · بِىَ 1 · بِىٓ 1
Core meaning
Suffixed pronoun of the first person singular: the speaker designates himself as the one the act aims at, for whom it is done or in whom it lies. Here it attaches to the prepositions لِ and بِ.
Uses
لِى, لِّى, لِىٓ, لِّىٓ, لِىَ → "for me", "me", "before me" : after لِ: the speaker as beneficiary of the act, or the one toward whom it turns; in invocation, the "me" of the one who asks.
بِى, بِىَ, بِىٓ → "in me", "with Me" : after بِ: the speaker as the place where something lies, or the one to whom others are associated; when God speaks, the capital marks it.
مَا لِىٓ → "why is it that I" : the question مَا لِى: the speaker questions his own situation against that of others.
- «مَا لِىٓ أَدْعُوكُمْ إِلَى ٱلنَّجَوٰةِ» — "why is it that I call you to salvation" (40:41)
Evidence from the text
The suffix never stands alone: it rests on the preposition, which sets the relation. With لِ, the speaker receives the act: Zakariya asks "My Guardian, appoint for me a sign" (3:41, 19:10), Moussa "forgive me" (28:16); or he is the one toward whom the act is directed: Youssof sees the stars "prostrate before me" (12:4).
With بِ, the speaker is the place where something would lie: "There is no error in me" (7:61); or the term of association, when God speaks of those who "obey Me without associating anything with Me" (24:55).
In مَا لِى, preposition and suffix form a question about oneself: the believer of 40:41 sets his call to salvation against the call to the Fire addressed to him; the translation renders "why is it that I".
Distinctions
- انا — انا is the independent pronoun, subject of the sentence; ى is only used attached to a word.
See also
ل (the preposition carrying the suffix in "for me") · ب (the preposition carrying the suffix in "in me")