The series in أم: "Or … ?"
When the Qur'an strings together questions opened by أم, each one dismantles a claim of the addressee. Each أم that opens a question is rendered "Or … ?", always in the same way, so that the series remains visible.
The particle أم of rupture does not join the two terms of a choice: it opens a new hypothesis, once the previous one has fallen. The series of 52:29-43 contains about a dozen, which review every escape route: a poet's speech, reason, invention, creation, treasuries, a ladder to the sky, daughters attributed to God, a wage, what escapes the senses, a scheme, another deity. Examples: "Or were they created out of nothing, or are they themselves the creators?" (52:35); "Or do they have another deity besides God?" (52:43).
When one question contains two أم, the second offers the other branch of the alternative and is rendered simply "or" (52:35, 52:37).
The same form recurs in 68:37-47 ("Or do they have partners?", 68:41) and in 67:16-21.
In the text
أَمْ يَقُولُونَ شَاعِرٌۭأَمْ خُلِقُوا۟ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَىْءٍأَمْ لَهُمْ إِلَٰهٌ غَيْرُ ٱللَّهِأَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَآءُ